If Reviewing a Journal How Often Do You Cite It
What Types of References Are Advisable?
When writing a research paper, there are many unlike types of sources that you lot might consider citing. Which are appropriate? Which are less appropriate? Here we hash out the dissimilar types of sources that y'all may wish to use when working on a research paper.
Delight note that the following represents a general set of recommended guidelines that is not specific to any course and does not correspond section policy. The types of commanded sources may vary by course and instructor.
Highly advisable: peer-reviewed periodical manufactures
In general, yous should primarily cite peer-reviewed periodical manufactures in your enquiry papers. Peer-reviewed journal articles are enquiry papers that have been accustomed for publication after having undergone a rigorous editorial review process. During that review process, the article was carefully evaluated by at least ane journal editor and a group of reviewers (unremarkably scientists that are experts in the field or topic nether investigation). Often the commodity underwent revisions before it was judged to exist satisfactory for publication.
Most manufactures submitted to high quality journals are not accepted for publication. As such, research that is successfully published in a respected peer-reviewed journal is generally regarded every bit college quality than inquiry that is not published or is published elsewhere, such equally in a book, magazine, or on a website. However, just because a study was published in a peer-reviewed journal does not mean that it is free from fault or that its conclusions are correct. Accordingly, it is important to critically read and carefully evaluate all sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles.
Tips for finding and using peer-reviewed journal manufactures:
- Many databases, such every bit PsycINFO, can be set to simply search for peer-reviewed periodical articles. Other search engines, such as Google Scholar, typically include both peer-reviewed and not peer-reviewed articles in search results, and thus should be used with greater caution.
- Even though a peer-reviewed periodical article is, by definition, a source that has been carefully vetted through an editorial process, it should still exist critically evaluated by the reader.
Potentially appropriate: books, encyclopedias, and other scholarly works
Another potential source that you lot might use when writing a research newspaper is a book, encyclopedia, or an official online source (such as demographic data drawn from a regime website). When relying on such sources, it is important to advisedly consider its accuracy and trustworthiness. For case, books vary in quality; about have non undergone any course of review process other than bones copyediting. In many cases, a book'south content is little more than the author's informed or uninformed stance.
Still, there are books that have been edited prior to publication, as is the case with many reputable encyclopedias; also, many books from academic publishers are comprised of multiple chapters, each written by one or more researchers, with the unabridged volume advisedly reviewed by one or more than editors. In those cases, the book has undergone a class of peer review, admitting often not as rigorous as that for a peer-reviewed journal article.
Tips for using books, encyclopedias, and other scholarly works:
- When using books, encyclopedias, and other scholarly works (that is, works written or produced by researchers, official agencies, or corporations), it is important to very advisedly evaluate the quality of that source.
- If the source is an edited volume (in which instance in the editor(s) will exist listed on the cover), is published by a reputable source (such as Academic Press, MIT Press, and others), or is written by a major expert in the field (such as a researcher with a rail record of peer-reviewed journal articles on the subject), and then it is more likely to be trustworthy.
- For online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia, an instructor may or may not consider that an adequate source (past default, don't assume that a non-peer reviewed source will be considered acceptable). It is best to inquire the teacher for clarification.ane
Usually inappropriate: magazines, blogs, and websites
Near research papers tin exist written using only peer-reviewed periodical articles as sources. Withal, for many topics it is possible to notice a plethora of sources that accept not been peer-reviewed just also hash out the topic. These may include articles in popular magazines or postings in blogs, forums, and other websites. In full general, although these sources may be well-written and piece of cake to understand, their scientific value is frequently not as high as that of peer-reviewed articles. Exceptions include some magazine and paper articles that might be cited in a research newspaper to brand a signal near public awareness of a given topic, to illustrate beliefs and attitudes about a given topic amid journalists, or to refer to a news event that is relevant to a given topic.
Tips for using magazines, blogs, and websites:
- Avoid such references if possible. Yous should primarily focus on peer-reviewed journal articles as sources for your research newspaper. Loftier quality research papers typically do non rely on non-academic and not peer-reviewed sources.
- Refer to non-academic, non peer-reviewed sources sparingly, and if you practice, be certain to carefully evaluate the accuracy and scientific merit of the source.
Downloadable Resources
- How to Write APA Style Research Papers (a comprehensive guide) [PDF]
- Tips for Writing APA Style Enquiry Papers (a cursory summary) [PDF]
Further Resource
How-To Videos
- Writing Enquiry Paper Videos
Databases and Search Engines (may require connexion to UCSD network)
- PsycINFO
- EBSCO
- Google Scholar
- PubMed (NIH/NLM)
- Web of Science
UCSD Resources on Finding and Evaluating Sources
- UCSD Library Databases A-Z
- UCSD Library Psychology Research Guide: Showtime Page
- UCSD Library Psychology Research Guide: Finding Manufactures
- UCSD Library Psychology Research Guide: Evaluating Sources
External Resources
- Critically Reading Journal Manufactures from PSU/Colby College
- How to Seriously Read a Journal Article from Science Mag
- How to Read Journal Articles from Harvard University
- How to Read a Scientific Paper Infographic from Elsevier Publishing
- Tips for searching PsycINFO from UC Berkeley Library
- Tips for using PsycINFO effectively from the APA Pupil Scientific discipline Quango
Notes
1 Wikipedia manufactures vary in quality; the site has a peer review system and the very all-time articles (Featured Articles), which get through a multi-stage review process, rival those in traditional encyclopedias and are considered the highest quality articles on the site.
Prepared by S. C. Pan for UCSD Psychology
Graphic adapted from t-10-generic-apply.svg , a public domain creation by the Tango Desktop Project.
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Source: https://psychology.ucsd.edu/undergraduate-program/undergraduate-resources/academic-writing-resources/writing-research-papers/appropriate-references.html
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